Agreement on Lifetime Transfer and Distribution of Property

Agreement on Lifetime Transfer and Distribution of Property

The Marović Law Office provides comprehensive legal assistance regarding lifetime property distribution agreements, drawing on over 30 years of experience in contract law and inheritance law.

What is a Lifetime Property Transfer and Distribution Agreement?

A lifetime property transfer and distribution agreement is a contract by which an ancestor (transferor) transfers and distributes their property to descendants during their lifetime. In this way, the transferor independently manages the disposition of their property, and the descendants know their rights and obligations in advance.

The transferor may reserve a life estate (usufruct) for themselves, their spouse, or a third party on all or some of the transferred assets, may stipulate a life annuity in kind or cash, lifetime support, or other compensation.

Due to its specific characteristics and legal effects, this agreement is governed by the Law on Inheritance, not the Law on Obligations

Form and Subject Matter of the Agreement

A lifetime property transfer and distribution agreement must be in written form and notarized before a public notary in the form of a solemnized deed.

Notarization is necessary because it most often involves the transfer of real estate, for which a solemnized contract is required, and also because the public notary must inform the contracting parties that the transferred property does not enter the transferor’s estate and cannot be used to satisfy claims of forced heirs.

The law explicitly provides that transferred property does not enter the transferor’s estate.
The subject matter of this agreement can only be the transferor’s property that exists at the time of execution, and it is prohibited to agree upon the distribution of property that would be found in the transferor’s estate.

When is the Agreement Valid

A lifetime property transfer and distribution agreement is valid only if all of the transferor’s descendants who would be called to inherit under the law have consented to it, i.e., persons who are his statutory heirs and who would be called upon after the commencement and opening of probate proceedings.

If it happens that a descendant did not give consent to the transfer and distribution of property, they may give it subsequently.

The agreement is also valid if a descendant who did not give consent dies before the transferor, or renounces the inheritance, or is deemed unworthy and leaves no descendants of their own.

In addition to descendants, a spouse may also be included in the agreement, and if they consent, they have the same status as the descendants.

Although property is transferred to descendants, they are not liable for the transferor’s debts unless expressly stipulated in the agreement.

Common Cases in Practice

  • Parents wish to distribute property among their children while still alive, in order to avoid later disputes in probate proceedings.
  • Transfer of real estate in exchange for an obligation to provide support until the transferor’s death.
  • Gifting an apartment or house to one heir, with a right of use for the transferor’s lifetime.
  • Agreements that regulate the transfer of a family business or business share.

When Should You Contact a Lawyer?

You should contact a lawyer before entering into any lifetime property transfer and distribution agreement, as this is the only way to ensure that the agreement is legally valid and fully protects the interests of the contracting parties. Legal advice is particularly important:

  • if there are multiple heirs,
  • when disposing of high-value real estate,
  • when there is concern that the agreement could be subject to dispute in the future.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Does the property I transferred through a lifetime property transfer and distribution agreement count as part of the estate?

No, the law explicitly provides that transferred property does not enter the transferor’s estate.

Can the agreement leave property to only one descendant?

Yes, the transferor may transfer property to one descendant or some of them, but the consent of all statutory descendants is required for validity.

Can I dispose of real estate and still continue to live in it?

Yes, you can dispose of real estate and still live in it. However, you must stipulate the right of use and the possibility of remaining in the property.

What are the differences between a gift agreement and a lifetime property transfer and distribution agreement?

A gift agreement transfers property from the donor to the donee without consideration, while a lifetime property transfer and distribution agreement allows the transferor to transfer or distribute property to other persons during their lifetime, usually with certain conditions and rights defined in the agreement itself, such as the right of usufruct or support.

Must such agreements be notarized before a public notary?

Yes, lifetime property transfer and distribution agreements must be notarized before a public notary; solemnization of the agreement is required.

Can the agreement be challenged after the transferor's death?

A lifetime property transfer and distribution agreement may be challenged after the transferor’s death, but only under certain conditions, such as the existence of evidence of fraud, threats, or violation of the legal rights of forced heirs.

Who pays the tax on these agreements and in what amount?

The descendant pays the gift or property transfer tax. The amount of tax depends on the value of the property, the relationship between the transferor and recipient, and specific provisions of the Law on Transfer Taxes.

Can a lifetime property transfer and distribution agreement be revoked?

Yes, the transferor may revoke this agreement at any time if the descendant has shown “gross ingratitude” toward them or another person whose support was stipulated, or if they fail to settle the transferor’s debts as agreed. In that case, the descendant is obligated to return what they received.

If the descendant has not fulfilled some other obligation under the agreement, the court will decide whether the transferor has the right to a return or the right to seek enforcement of that obligation, taking into account the importance of that obligation to the transferor and other circumstances

Can such agreements be terminated or amended?

Yes, lifetime property transfer and distribution agreements may be terminated or amended, but only with the consent of all contracting parties, and all amendments must be in written form and notarized before a public notary.

Can a lifetime property transfer and distribution agreement include debts?

A lifetime property transfer and distribution agreement does not include debts unless the contracting parties explicitly define this in the agreement. If the transferor has debts, they will not pass to the descendants unless expressly stipulated.

What rights do I have if I am only a user of the property and not its owner?

A user of property (e.g., holder of a usufruct right) has the right to use the property and enjoy its fruits (rent, lease income, etc.), but cannot dispose of or sell the property without the owner’s consent. These rights last as long as they are in accordance with the agreement and legislation.

Koja prava imam ako sam samo korisnik imovine, a ne njen vlasnik?

Korisnik imovine (npr. korisnik prava plodouživanja) ima pravo da koristi imovinu i ostvaruje njene plodove (rentu, prihod od zakupa i sl.), ali ne može raspolagati imovinom ili je prodati bez saglasnosti vlasnika. Ova prava traju dok su u skladu sa ugovorom i zakonodavstvom.

Can a lifetime property transfer and distribution agreement be annulled if it was signed under duress?

Yes, if the agreement was signed under duress, threats, or fraud, it may be annulled based on a lawsuit for defect of will. These actions lead to voidability of the agreement because the contracting party did not enter into the agreement by free will.

Useful Institutions and Regulations

  • Law on Obligations
  • Law on Inheritance
  • Law on Public Notaries
  • Republic Geodetic Authority (Real Estate Cadastre)
  • Competent Basic and Higher Courts

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Disclaimer: The content of this text is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. While we strive to ensure that the information is accurate and up-to-date, each situation has its own specifics and requires individual legal assessment. For accurate and reliable advice regarding your specific case, it is recommended that you consult with a lawyer.

Last updated: November 11, 2025.

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