Lifetime Support Agreement

Lifetime Support Agreement

The Law Office of Marović provides comprehensive legal assistance regarding Lifetime Support Agreements, relying on more than 30 years of experience in the fields of the law of obligations and inheritance law. Our team drafts agreements, conducts all necessary property checks, and represents clients in litigation when the agreement is contested.

What is a Lifetime Support Agreement?

A Lifetime Support Agreement is a contract by which the care provider undertakes to care for the beneficiary until the end of their life, providing food, care, medical treatment, and a dignified funeral. In return, after the beneficiary’s death, the care provider acquires ownership rights over the property specified in the agreement (most commonly real estate).

This agreement is regulated by the Inheritance Law, but it is highly flexible – the parties themselves define the scope and content of their mutual obligations. The agreement may be concluded between:

  • one care provider and one beneficiary,
  • multiple providers (e.g., spouses) and one beneficiary,
  • or even in favor of a third party.

A key feature of the Lifetime Support Agreement is that the property covered by the agreement does not form part of the beneficiary’s estate and cannot be claimed by forced heirs, which often leads to litigation. Unlike a gift, where ownership is transferred immediately, in this case ownership is transferred only after the beneficiary’s death, meaning the property does not enter the estate and is not divided among heirs.

How is a Lifetime Support Agreement Concluded?

1. Agreement on Terms:

  • The parties define the scope of the care provider’s obligations (food, accommodation, care, medical treatment, living expenses, funeral).
  • They determine which property will be transferred to the care provider after the beneficiary’s death.
  • Special conditions may be stipulated, such as the beneficiary’s right to remain in the house until death.

2. Preparation of Documentation:

  • identity documents and personal identification numbers of both parties,
  • proof of ownership of the property subject to the agreement (real estate deed, purchase contract, inheritance decision),
  • extract from the Real Estate Cadastre if the agreement concerns immovable property.

3. Drafting the Agreement and Notarization by a Public Notary:

  • The agreement must be concluded in writing and notarized (solemnized) by a public notary.
  • The notary verifies the identity and consent of the parties, as well as the legal basis of ownership.
  • The notary is obliged to warn the parties that property covered by the agreement does not form part of the estate – otherwise, the agreement may be declared null and void.

4. Signing the Agreement:

  • The parties sign the agreement before the notary.
  • If one of the parties is unable to sign (e.g., illiterate or physically impaired), the signature may be made by an authorized person in the presence of witnesses.

5. Registration in the Real Estate Cadastre:

  • The notary submits the agreement for registration in the Cadastre.
  • In this way, third parties are notified that the property is subject to obligations arising from the agreement.

6. Fulfillment of the Agreement :

  • The care provider performs their obligations until the death of the beneficiary.
  • Only after death does ownership of the property transfer to the care provider, and the change of ownership is registered in the Cadastre.

Common Issues in Practice

  • Challenges by heirs – a frequent situation when heirs believe that the agreement was concluded to their detriment or that the beneficiary was not capable of understanding its significance.
  • Termination of the agreement – if the care provider fails to perform their obligations, the beneficiary may seek termination. Conversely, if the beneficiary endangers the provider, the provider may also request termination.
  • Agreement in favor of a third party – less common, but possible when the intended benefit is transferred to a person who is not the beneficiary.
  • Difference between a Lifetime Support Agreement and a gift agreement – with a gift, ownership is transferred immediately, whereas under a Lifetime Support Agreement it transfers only after death.
  • Difference compared to a will – a will can be revoked, while a Lifetime Support Agreement has stronger legal force and is more difficult to contest.

When to Contact a Lawyer

Before signing a contract – to verify the property and prepare a contract text that protects the interests of both parties.

During notarization – to ensure that all legal clauses have been properly observed.

If there is suspicion about the contract’s legality – a lawyer can initiate court proceedings for annulment or termination.

When heirs challenge the contract – legal representation in court is essential to protect your rights.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Does property under a Lifetime Support Agreement form part of the estate?

No –  property covered by a Lifetime Support Agreement does not form part of the estate of the beneficiary.

This means that, after the beneficiary’s death, such property passes directly to the care provider in accordance with the agreement and cannot be subject to distribution among heirs. For this reason, forced heirs cannot claim a share of this property, which is a common cause of litigation in practice.

That is why it is crucial that the agreement be properly drafted and notarized, otherwise heirs may attempt to challenge it.

Can the agreement cover only part of the property (e.g., one apartment)?

Yes. A Lifetime Support Agreement may apply only to a portion of property, for example one apartment, a house, a parcel of land, agricultural property, or even movable property such as a car or securities.

It is essential that the agreement precisely identify the property subject to transfer (e.g., parcel number, apartment number, surface area, address, real estate deed), and state whether the beneficiary retains certain rights, such as the right to live in the property until death.

The care provider acquires ownership only of property expressly covered by the agreement, while all other property remains part of the estate and is distributed among heirs. This form of agreement is often used when the beneficiary wishes to reward the provider with only a portion of their property while leaving the rest to statutory heirs.

What if the care provider dies before the beneficiary?

If the care provider dies before the beneficiary, the Lifetime Support Agreement does not automatically terminate. The agreement continues, and the provider’s heirs assume the obligations if they agree, unless the contract stipulates otherwise.

This means that heirs take over the duty to continue supporting the beneficiary under the same conditions as the original provider. If the heirs refuse or are unable to do so, the contract is considered terminated by law, and they cannot claim compensation for support already given.
In practice, when heirs cannot provide support, courts usually terminate the contract, and ownership remains with the beneficiary.

Can the beneficiary terminate the agreement if dissatisfied with the care?

Yes. The beneficiary may terminate the agreement if the provider fails to perform obligations or if the care provided is unsatisfactory. The law expressly allows termination when one party does not fulfill agreed duties.

In that case, the beneficiary may:

  • initiate court proceedings and request termination, in which case ownership remains with the beneficiary,
  • claim damages if harm was suffered due to non-performance,
  • enter into a new Lifetime Support Agreement with another provider, but only after the previous one has been terminated or annulled.

In practice, courts tend to protect the beneficiary’s interests, especially when dealing with elderly or ill persons, and termination is a common solution when adequate care is not provided.

How much does drafting and notarizing the agreement cost?

The total cost of drafting and notarizing a Lifetime Support Agreement usually ranges from about €500 to €2,000, depending on the value of the property and the complexity of the contract.
For average apartments and houses, costs usually fall within this range, while for high-value property (e.g., multiple real estate units or commercial premises), costs may be higher.

Can the agreement be concluded orally or privately without a notary?

No. A Lifetime Support Agreement cannot be concluded orally or privately without a notary.

It is a strictly formal contract that must be in writing and notarized (solemnized) before a public notary in order to be legally valid. The notary verifies the identity and consent of the parties, the legal basis of ownership, and must warn the parties that the property covered by the agreement does not form part of the estate.

If an oral or “private” arrangement is attempted, it has no legal effect – the care provider would not acquire ownership, and the beneficiary could not demand support as a contractual obligation.

Can forced heirs challenge the agreement, and on what grounds?

Yes. Forced heirs may challenge a Lifetime Support Agreement, but only under certain conditions – not simply because they are excluded from inheritance, but if they can prove legal or factual deficiencies in the contract. The most common grounds are:

  • Lack of form – if the agreement was not notarized, or if the notary’s certificate omitted the mandatory note that the property does not enter the estate,
  • Incapacity of the beneficiary – if proven that at the time of conclusion the beneficiary was incapable of understanding the significance and legal consequences (e.g., due to illness, dementia, or other conditions),
  • Fraud, coercion, or mistake – if the beneficiary was deceived, forced, or misled when signing,
  • Non-performance of obligations by the provider – if the provider fails to meet obligations, the beneficiary or their heirs may seek termination,
  • Simulated contract – if proven that the agreement was formally concluded as a Lifetime Support Agreement but in substance was a disguised gift, which is a common claim by heirs.

In practice, heirs most often allege that the beneficiary lacked capacity to understand the agreement at the time of signing, or that the contract was a sham intended to circumvent inheritance rules.

What if the beneficiary later wants to sign a new agreement with another provider?

The beneficiary may enter into a new Lifetime Support Agreement with another provider only if the existing one is first terminated or annulled. As long as a valid agreement is in effect and properly performed, the beneficiary cannot unilaterally conclude a new agreement for the same property. Any such attempt would be legally void, and the notary would refuse to notarize it.

A new agreement may arise in situations such as:

  • the provider failing to perform obligations, leading the court to terminate the contract,
  • mutual consent of the parties to terminate the contract,
  • court annulment due to lack of form or incapacity at the time of conclusion.

In practice, this often occurs when an elderly person wishes to end a contract with a provider who does not fulfill obligations and sign a new one with someone offering genuine care.

Can the beneficiary live in a nursing home if they have such an agreement?

Yes. The beneficiary may live in a nursing home even if they have a Lifetime Support Agreement, depending on how the contract is drafted. If agreed, the provider may cover and arrange nursing home expenses as a form of care.
The beneficiary may also decide independently to move into a home, but this does not relieve the provider of obligations – they must still contribute, either by covering expenses or otherwise.
Ideally, the agreement should contain a clause addressing this situation, but if not, the parties may sign an annex before a notary to specify the new obligations.

Can such an agreement be concluded between parents and children?

Yes. A Lifetime Support Agreement may be concluded between parents and children. The law does not prohibit it, but in practice such agreements often cause disputes among heirs.

A parent may sign with one child, who undertakes to provide care until the parent’s death, in exchange for ownership of specified property after death. The other children then have no rights to that property, since it does not form part of the estate. This is why siblings often challenge such agreements in court, claiming the parent was influenced, incapable of understanding, or that the agreement was merely a disguised gift.

Due to frequent family disputes, it is recommended that such agreements be drafted carefully with legal assistance, to ensure compliance with the law and reduce the risk of challenges.

How can it be proven that the provider did not fulfill obligations?

To prove that the care provider failed to meet obligations, as much evidence as possible should be gathered to show that the beneficiary did not receive the agreed care and support. In practice, the following are often used:

  • testimonies – from relatives, neighbors, or friends confirming inadequate care or neglect,
  • medical records – doctors’ reports, hospital files, or certificates showing lack of necessary medical care,
  • expense records – receipts showing the beneficiary paid for food, medicine, or housing themselves, though this was the provider’s duty,
  • reports from the Center for Social Work – if the beneficiary sought help or reported neglect,
  • photos and videos – demonstrating poor living conditions or neglect,
  • expert opinions – the court may appoint an expert to assess whether obligations were performed.

Based on such evidence, the court determines whether the provider failed to meet obligations, and if so, terminates the contract, leaving ownership with the beneficiary.

Relevant Institutions

  • Public notaries – competent for drafting and notarizing agreements.
  • Basic Courts -competent in litigation for annulment or termination of contracts.
  • Attorneys specialized in contract law and inheritance law – provide full legal protection.
  • Centers for Social Workmay be involved if the beneficiary belongs to a category of persons requiring special protection.

Would you like to protect your rights and avoid potential future disputes?
Marović Law Office prepares and notarizes Lifetime Support Agreements throughout Serbia, ensuring full legal security and support at every step.

Would you like to consult with us?

Send us your inquiry, and someone from our team will contact you.

Novi Sad

Advokat Željko Marović
Bulevar Oslobođenja 82/III, 21000 Novi Sad
+381(0)21/661-64-10
advzmarovic@law-marovic.com
·   Pon – Pet 09:00-17:00

Beograd

Advokat Marko Marović
Svetog Save 25, 11000 Beograd – Vračar
+381(0)11/2440691
+381(0)62/577642
marko.marovic@law-marovic.com
·   Pon – Pet 09:00-17:00